Century 5 of 13 · 100 – 42 BC

Julius Caesar

Gaul, Britain, the Ides, and the war that followed.

57 entries · 64 hours · 36 with a written verdict

Caesar wrote his own war reports, in the third person, and published them in instalments while he was barred from entering the city. The Gallic Wars are a campaign and a press release at once, and they are why we know more about him than about any Roman before the emperors.

The campaign runs from 58 to 50 BC. He crossed to Britain twice, in 55 and 54, achieved almost nothing strategically, and made himself the first Roman to reach the edge of the world. It ends at Alesia in 52, where he besieged Vercingetorix and built a second wall facing outwards to hold off the relief army. Plutarch says a million killed and a million enslaved, which is a Roman writer boasting and not a census.

The civil war begins in January 49 at a small river in northern Italy. Pharsalus in 48 finishes Pompey, Egypt finishes him properly, and Caesar spends four more years beating an opposition that keeps regenerating in Africa and Spain. He is made dictator for life in early 44 and killed on 15 March by around sixty men, many of whom he had pardoned personally. Philippi in 42 kills the last of them, and by then it is obvious the argument was never about whether one man would rule.

Where to start

The AncientsKings and GeneralsThe Rest Is HistoryDan Snow's History HitAncient Warfare PodcastHistoria Civilis

I feel like…

ThinkingAny

Cogitare, how it was thought and ordered

FeelingAny

Sentire, what was lived and endured

DoingAny

Facere, what hands made and did

FormAny

how it is made

NarratorAny

who is talking

LengthAny

how much time you have

With a written verdict

20h 10mRome EssentialDrama

Two seasons, cancelled far too early, and still the only screen Rome that feels lived in. It follows two soldiers through Caesar's rise and Octavian's, and the politics of the street is as carefully built as the politics of the Senate.

3h 45mRoman Empire: Master of Rome Roman EmpireDocudrama

Part of Roman Empire

The Caesar season, and the strongest of the three: reenactment cut with historians who are given room to disagree with the script. Season three is the weak one.

1h 15mHistorian Explains The ENTIRE Roman Conquest of Britain HistoryHitYouTube

Part of HistoryHit

Seventy-five minutes running from Caesar's two landings in 55 and 54 BC to Agricola in the north, in one sitting. A single historian to camera, which suits a story usually told in fragments.

YouTube
1h 14mThe Rise and Fall of Brutus The AncientsPodcast

Part of The Ancients

With Steele Brand

Seventy-four minutes on the man whose ancestor supposedly expelled the last king, which is a family expectation nobody should have to carry.

1h 05m96 - Gallic Wars 6: Manhunt Cost of GloryPodcast

Part of Cost of Glory

Sixty-five minutes on the pursuit of Ambiorix and the destruction of the Eburones, which Caesar describes himself. Reading his own account of it is the point.

1h 03mWhat if the Ides of March Failed? The AncientsPodcast

Part of The Ancients

Counterfactuals are usually a waste of an hour. This one earns it by making the case that the Republic was already gone and the assassins were the last people to notice.

59mJulius Caesar with Mary Beard Documentary

Beard on Caesar as general, dictator and politician at once, and on how much of the man we have is his own account of himself. Fifty-nine minutes; start here before the assassination episodes anywhere else in the index.

57m304: The Murder of Julius Caesar The Rest Is HistoryPodcast

Part of The Rest Is History

The Ides of March at thriller pace, fifty-seven minutes. The detail that sticks is how many of the sixty-odd conspirators Caesar had personally pardoned after fighting them in the civil war.

56m305: The Fall of the Roman Republic The Rest Is HistoryPodcast

Part of The Rest Is History

Fifty-six minutes on what the assassins had not planned for: no plan. The liberators freed a Republic that no longer had anyone able to run it.

55mThe Legacy of Julius Caesar's Assassination The AncientsPodcast

Part of The Ancients

With Maria Wyke

Maria Wyke on what the Ides became afterwards: Dante, Shakespeare, and John Wilkes Booth shouting Latin from a stage. Fifty-five minutes on an afternoon that keeps getting reused.

53m412. Romans in Space: Star Wars, Dune and Beyond... The Rest Is HistoryPodcast

Part of The Rest Is History

Fifty-three minutes on how much of Star Wars and Dune is Roman furniture: a republic that votes itself an emperor, a senate, an imperium already rotting at the centre.

51mThe Assassination of Julius Caesar: Explained The AncientsPodcast

Part of The Ancients

The shorter, tidier version of the same day. Take this one if you want the events and the other if you want the room.

51mRise of Julius Caesar The AncientsPodcast

Part of The Ancients

With Catherine Steel

The unglamorous decades before Gaul, when he was a heavily indebted politician buying an electorate. The part that explains the rest.

51m92 - Gallic Wars 2: Conspiracy Cost of GloryPodcast

Part of Cost of Glory

Fifty-one minutes on the moment Caesar nearly lost Gaul, in a series that reads the Commentaries as propaganda as much as report.

50mThe Assassination of Julius Caesar The AncientsPodcast

Part of The Ancients

What happened on 15 March 44 BC, minute by minute, and how many of the sixty men involved Caesar had personally pardoned.

50mLost City of Gaul: Unearthing Bibracte Lost City of GaulDocumentary

Bibracte is where the Gauls made Vercingetorix their commander and where Caesar wrote up his own campaign. Fifty minutes in Burgundy on the town that was a capital before Rome arrived and empty within a generation after.

49mThe Battle of Philippi: Death of the Roman Republic The AncientsPodcast

Part of The Ancients

October 42 BC, and both of Caesar's assassins die by their own hand within three weeks on the same plain. Forty-nine minutes on the day the Republic stopped having defenders.

49mYoung Caesar vs Marc Antony The AncientsPodcast

Part of The Ancients

With Hannah Cornwell

Hannah Cornwell on the months after the Ides, when Antony held the consulship and the nineteen-year-old Octavian held Caesar's name. Forty-nine minutes on how that standoff became a triumvirate.

48m499. The Roman Conquest of Britain: Julius Caesar’s Invasion (Part 1) The Rest Is HistoryPodcast

Part of The Rest Is History

Part one, forty-eight minutes on 55 BC: scouts along the Kentish coast, a contested landing, and a Roman picture of Britons as savages the Romans half envied.

47mThe Ides of March The AncientsPodcast

Part of The Ancients

Forty-seven minutes on 15 March 44 BC, a date that was the first full moon of the Roman year before it was anything else.

47mThe Cleopatras: A Dynasty of Rule Breakers The AncientsPodcast

Part of The Ancients

With Lloyd Llewellyn Jones

Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones on the six Cleopatras before the famous one, a Ptolemaic line of queens who ruled, married brothers and killed relatives as policy. Forty-seven minutes.

46mHow Julius Caesar Changed Time The AncientsPodcast

Part of The Ancients

With Philip Nothaft

Philip Nothaft on the Julian calendar, Caesar's reform that outlasted every other one and still sets the year, with 46 BC stretched to 445 days to force the seasons back into place. Forty-six minutes.

45mAlexander The Great vs Julius Caesar The AncientsPodcast

Part of The Ancients

With Simon Elliott

Forty-five minutes setting the two against each other on what can actually be compared: sieges, logistics, and what each of them inherited. Simon Elliott does pick one.

42mJulius Caesar’s Invasions of Britain The AncientsPodcast

Part of The Ancients

With Simon Elliott

Simon Elliott on the two landings of 55 and 54 BC, neither of which left a garrison behind. Forty-two minutes on what Rome knew about Britain before it went, which was almost nothing.

42mAW392 - Crossing the Rubicon Ancient Warfare PodcastPodcast

Part of Ancient Warfare Podcast

Forty-two minutes on 10 January 49 BC: what the crossing legally meant, how inevitable it actually was, and why a small river carried that much weight.

41m196. Julius Caesar & Cleopatra (Part 2) The Rest Is HistoryPodcast

Part of The Rest Is History

Part two of four on Cleopatra, covering the Alexandrian war and the years she spent in a villa across the Tiber while Caesar was alive. Forty-one minutes.

39m134. Crossing the Rubicon: The rise of Julius Caesar The Rest Is HistoryPodcast

Part of The Rest Is History

Part one, thirty-nine minutes on how Caesar became powerful enough that crossing a small river in northern Italy counted as a declaration of war.

37m135. Crossing the Rubicon: The die is cast The Rest Is HistoryPodcast

Part of The Rest Is History

Part two, thirty-seven minutes on the crossing itself and on Caesar going into Italy with a single legion against the Senate and Pompey.

35mCaesar's Disastrous Invasion Of Britain HistoryHitYouTube

Part of HistoryHit

The two British expeditions that achieved almost nothing militarily and everything politically, which is why Caesar wrote them up at length.

YouTube
32mThe Assassination of Julius Caesar (The Ides of March, 44 B.C.E.) Historia CivilisYouTube

Part of Historia Civilis

The Ides drawn minute by minute, with who stood where in the theatre of Pompey. Sixty conspirators is a logistical problem and this shows it as one.

YouTube
26mCaesar Crosses the Rubicon (52 to 49 B.C.E.) Historia CivilisYouTube

Part of Historia Civilis

The years of manoeuvring before the crossing, drawn as diagrams the way this channel does everything. You see the legal trap close around Caesar before he reaches the river.

YouTube
22mThe Battle of Philippi (42 B.C.E.) Historia CivilisYouTube

Part of Historia Civilis

Twenty-two minutes of moving rectangles on Philippi in 42 BC, two battles three weeks apart in which both sides lost a commander to suicide on bad information.

YouTube
22mCaesar's Funeral (44 B.C.E.) Historia CivilisYouTube

Part of Historia Civilis

Antony's speech and the riot it started, which decided more than the murder did.

YouTube
11mAWA386 - Let the die be cast Ancient Warfare PodcastPodcast

Part of Ancient Warfare Podcast

Eleven minutes on dice and board games in the ancient world, which is where Caesar's line at the Rubicon comes from and what it actually meant to a player.

10mAWA206 - What do we know of Philippian/Alexandrian weapons production? Ancient Warfare PodcastPodcast

Part of Ancient Warfare Podcast

Ten minutes on Macedonian arms manufacture under Philip and Alexander, and on how much thinner that evidence is than the Roman equivalent.

8mAWA382 - How Did Caesar's Legionnaires Stay Battle-Ready? Ancient Warfare PodcastPodcast

Part of Ancient Warfare Podcast

Eight minutes answering a listener: how legionaries fought at the Arar and Bibracte in 58 BC and were fit to do it again weeks later. Murray Dahm on training, grain ration and discipline.

Everything else, in order

51mThe Battle of Philippi: Death of the Roman Republic Dan Snow's History HitPodcast

Part of Dan Snow's History Hit · Dan Snow on history's defining moments; only the Roman episodes are indexed

23mThe Hunt For The Killers Of Julius Caesar Dan Snow's History HitPodcast

Part of Dan Snow's History Hit · Dan Snow on history's defining moments; only the Roman episodes are indexed

1h 18m“From there we travelled to Philippi”—Talking Archaeology with Dr. Ken Bratt (Ad Navseam, Episode 46) Ad NavseamPodcast

Part of Ad Navseam · Two classicists in lively discussion; only the Roman episodes are indexed

With Ken Bratt

54mJulius Caesar’s Middle Years w. Dr Richard Alston Ithaca BoundPodcast

Part of Ithaca Bound · Andrew Schiestel on the Mediterranean, 2021 to 2022; only the Roman episodes are indexed

52mJulius Caesar’s Early Years w. Dr Richard Alston Ithaca BoundPodcast

Part of Ithaca Bound · Andrew Schiestel on the Mediterranean, 2021 to 2022; only the Roman episodes are indexed

1h 03mEp. 114: Crossing the Rubicon Young HereticsPodcast

Part of Young Heretics · Spencer Klavan on the great works; only the Roman episodes are indexed

52mThe Assassination of Julius Caesar: Explained Dan Snow's History HitPodcast

Part of Dan Snow's History Hit · Dan Snow on history's defining moments; only the Roman episodes are indexed

1h 51mCleopatra: Roman Egypt, Julius Caesar, and Marc Antony Greeced LightningPodcast

Part of Greeced Lightning · Myths and movies with a doctor of classics; only the Roman episodes are indexed

42mThe Alexandrian War: Julius Caesar's Biggest Military Blunder Echoes of HistoryPodcast

Part of Echoes of History · History Hit for Assassin's Creed; only the Roman episodes are indexed

38mJulius Caesar's Sex Life Dan Snow's History HitPodcast

Part of Dan Snow's History Hit · Dan Snow on history's defining moments; only the Roman episodes are indexed

57mJulius Caesar Dan Snow's History HitPodcast

Part of Dan Snow's History Hit · Dan Snow on history's defining moments; only the Roman episodes are indexed

1h 03mThe Assassination of Julius Caesar Echoes of HistoryPodcast

Part of Echoes of History · History Hit for Assassin's Creed; only the Roman episodes are indexed

34mWas Caesar's invasion of Britain a disaster? Dan Snow's History HitPodcast

Part of Dan Snow's History Hit · Dan Snow on history's defining moments; only the Roman episodes are indexed

34mBattles of Ilerda and Massilia 49 BC - Caesar's Civil War DOCUMENTARY Kings and GeneralsPodcast

Part of Kings and Generals · Military history in campaigns and battles; only the Roman episodes are indexed

34mCaesar's Civil War: The War Begins 49BC DOCUMENTARY Kings and GeneralsPodcast

Part of Kings and Generals · Military history in campaigns and battles; only the Roman episodes are indexed

31mBattles of Utica and Bagradas 49 BC - Caesar's Civil War DOCUMENTARY Kings and GeneralsPodcast

Part of Kings and Generals · Military history in campaigns and battles; only the Roman episodes are indexed

28mBattle of Telamon 225 BC - Roman–Gallic wars DOCUMENTARY Kings and GeneralsPodcast

Part of Kings and Generals · Military history in campaigns and battles; only the Roman episodes are indexed

26mGergovia 52 BC - Caesar's First Defeat DOCUMENTARY Kings and GeneralsPodcast

Part of Kings and Generals · Military history in campaigns and battles; only the Roman episodes are indexed

24mCaesar's Great Roman Civil War - How it all started - DOCUMENTARY Kings and GeneralsPodcast

Part of Kings and Generals · Military history in campaigns and battles; only the Roman episodes are indexed

20mAlesia 52 BC - Caesar's Gallic Wars DOCUMENTARY Kings and GeneralsPodcast

Part of Kings and Generals · Military history in campaigns and battles; only the Roman episodes are indexed

17mCaesar and Gallic Wars: Battle of Bibracte 58 BC DOCUMENTARY Kings and GeneralsPodcast

Part of Kings and Generals · Military history in campaigns and battles; only the Roman episodes are indexed